Saturday, July 16, 2011

How Illuminated Manuscripts were made

My own style - a kind of naive hybrid which  borrows some traditional techniques, but uses my own block letters rather than a calligraphic script.  This page is in progress - much work remaining, particularly in the border.  The painted face in the lower right is pretty close to completion, but there are still several layers to go here.!
I'm not a traditional illuminator.  Although my book is inspired by Medieval books, my style is neither historical or authentic - the images sometimes but not often refer to old works, but my interest lies in making something new rather than reproducing something old.
That said, I have to say that I have a great respect for people who do work with reproduction in mind.  Their work is often stunning, well researched and often made using all home made materials, including inks, sometimes even parchment.  Hand work well done is always fantastic.  I'm including a pair of links, one to a short film about the process of illuminating, and the other part of a terrific series about the creation of a new manuscript using traditional methods.  I'm something of a pirate when I look at these videos - with a keen eye to stealing every bit of technique that I can from these wonderful artists.  I'll continue keeping a lookout online for videos, supply sources and so on and will strive to include more of them on this blog.
Heres a link to a terrific short film that shows all the major steps involved with creating an illuminated manuscript, from the making of the parchment out of sheepskin, through the binding process.  Simply wonderful! How Illuminated Manuscripts Were Made movie

Heres another video, part of a series on YouTube showing an artist making a manuscript of her own.  I'm posting a link about the pricking process, which is how Medieval calligraphers transferred the ruling to their pages in preparation for lettering.  The whole series is worth watching - the artist has included segments on many different steps in the process, including one which shows how she paints some of the highlights into her illuminations.

Friday, July 15, 2011

Online Manuscripts

The Aberdeen Beastiary is reproduced in its entirety online.

The internet is opening up new resources all the time.  Just a few years ago, it would have taken more time, money and energy than most people have to see the manuscript that is available online here.


Its not just a few pages available either.  The Aberdeen Bestiary is posted in its entirety, and in addition to the pages, there are transcriptions and translations of the text available.  If you are a calligrapher, an illuminator, or just looking for inspiration, this site is a must see! It also give some hints about how the manuscripts were created.  Particularly useful are the images that show the use of "pricking" to layout pages. 
If you are interested in the design and the making of Illuminated Manuscripts, then you will find the Medieval Manuscript Manual to be quite delightful as well.  It will give you an idea of the workflow that bookmakers created in order to streamline the process, give you a historical background and some very good imagery too!

Thursday, July 14, 2011

Photoshop for artist's workflow

If you are a traditional artist not quite sure of what Photoshop is all about, I have a few suggestions for you.
I've been painting for most of my 54 years - but have only used Photoshop for the past 15.  Initially I thought of it as a primarily photographic tool, using it only to improve and process photographic images. Early on, that processing began to include collage and other compositing techniques, but mostly it was still a tool for modifying photos.
For the past 6 years, I've been exploring its paint and drawing capabilities.  When equipped with drawing tablet, such as the Wacom Intuos 4, or the Genius PenSketch, photoshop becomes the ultimate drawing tool.
Because drawing took a lot of paper, which required a lot of storage space, I started to minimize it in my workflow.  With Photoshop, the materials requirement goes away.  I can draw to my heart's content, and the only storage needed is a good external hard drive.  With a tablet engaged, Photoshop gives you access to a myriad of wonderful drawing tools - pencils, pens, brushes, chalk, pastels, crayons.  Each of those tools has a wealth of parameters that can be adjusted, and with a little practice you'll create tools that feel comfortable.  The tablet is as flexible and sensitive as any hand media, and with the ability to work in layers, new opportunities are brought into play to add depth and polish to a drawing.
Because I was shying away from drawing, my skills were becoming stilted and tight.  Now when I an getting ready to work on a painting, I'll spend an hour sketching and loosening up in PS - and what I do in Photoshop strongly impacts my abilities as a painter.  With Photoshop, I'm taking more time to practice and explore, without the onus of the cost of storage and paper.
Once I've loosened up in Photoshop, I'll begin to work on my canvas, board, or book.
As a prep tool there are also other areas where Photoshop excels.  I can work up a drawing to get an idea of the coloration, mass distribution and so forth, even bringing it up to a near finished image quality before I begin working in physical media.  If I want to, I can print my drawings on paper when I get to an image I want to work, and physically paste that image onto my canvas or other media, or transfer, as I would have anyway, with charcoal or carbon paper or other dry media.  Ultimately what that means is that I can have a perfected drawing to start my underpainting into.  Fantastic!
I've also enjoyed making images in Photoshop that would take much longer to accomplish in physical media, or even create things that wouldn't be possible in physical media.  So in addition to my hand made work, I now have a substantial portfolio of Photoshop images (this year alone, I've made in the range of 400 completed works!)
But wait!  I can work it both ways.  I can draw an image on paper by hand, scan it, import it into Photoshop, and carry on the work digitally.  So if I'm in the field, without camera or computer, I can do my drawing on paper, and since I've been honing my drawing skills with Photoshop, my drawings are cleaner, surer and more articulate than then had been!  Or I can work both directions - sketch in photoshop, print out on paper, work up in ink, scan and re-import into photoshop.  If I do my printing on art paper, something with tooth and texture, I can get some very interesting hybrid images incorporating the best of both traditional and digital work.
Since I'm working with the Adobe Creative Suite, anything I do in Photoshop can be exported to any of the other applications - so I can work a hand made sketch up into vectors in Illustrator, or add the images to typesetting and graphic paste-up work in InDesign.  In Dreamweaver and Flash I can continue to diversify the images by adding them to html. files and applying animation and interactivity.
And thats just the tip of the iceberg.
If you are a traditional artist, wondering how Photoshop could work for you, these are just a few suggestions.  There is loads of stuff that I haven't touched upon.
Happy painting!

Monday, July 11, 2011

Leaving things behind.


We tend to leave behind things that are "merely aesthetic" and replace them with things that are more utilitarian, and in the long run the culture suffers for it.  Its like throwing the baby out with the bathwater!  
I remember reading Dylan Thomas when I was in highschool.  
He was kind of cool, but didn't make much sense to me, until I heard recordings of him reading his poetry aloud - that was like lifting a veil.  There was a level of meaning, yes, that I hadn't grasped by my silent reading, but there was also the sheer pleasure that the sound and rhythms of his voice evoked.  The poems became powerful, invocations, spells, magic.  
Shakespeare was the same way.  Seeing a staged production of "The Tempest" was a real eye opener.  When I read the play to myself, it seemed dark and serious and engrossing, but onstage it was flashy, quick-witted, often hilarious, and very straightforward.  
We need to take some time to reestablish some new oral traditions.  I'd love to see some people take on the task of memorizing and performing "The Odyssey" for example.  (Odds Bodkin, bless him, has done it, and it was wonderful!)  Some of the younger poets involved with the poetry slam movement have got the right idea - write the poem, then bring it to life!  
We are also losing in other realms.  Movies, watched on a small screen in the privacy of one's home are convenient - but the pleasure and socialization that can be had by going to a community movie theater far surpasses the more personal experience.  And better still, rather than watching a film on a screen, to see a live performance, either musical or theatrical. Each of these experiences are similar, but they are not by any means the same.
When I'm working on the book, people often come over and ask things like "wouldn't it be easier to do that with a computer?"  The fact that I'm working hard and consistently every day on the project seems to puzzle them completely.  Then I let them thumb through a few pages for themselves and I watch, not without a bit of humor, as they lose their understanding of what a book is for a moment.  Often, after a few pages have be viewed, the inquirer will look at me and say something like "I've never seen anything like this!"  And they understand, somewhat.  Were I to duplicate the book, it would not have the same impact.  Each painting is hand made.  That means that the images have a different level of meaning and intention than they would if printed on a press.  There is a texture to the paper.  The ink and paint have multiple levels.  If you look closely, the marks reveal the actions of the brush, or the pen that created them.  Some of those things would transmit in a published version, but not all.  Something of the magic would be lost in translation.  
When an artist makes a painting, the surface of the paper or canvas or board is activated by the paint.  The marks are made by physical actions, and each action is a significant thing in and of itself.  When we see a painting reproduced digitally, we can see indications of those physical actions, but the reproduction doesn't really represent those actions completely.  One is just a surrogate for the other.  You can see something of a painting in a reproduction, but you can't see everything.  And you can't smell the oils, run your fingers across the surface to feel the bumps and ridges in the paint, change your angle of viewing to see the difference in the glazes and impastos from one region to the next.  
I think its sad to see paintings kept imprisoned in museums where there are barriers between the viewer and the artwork, or the pictures are under glass, which diminishes the color presence, and neutralizes much of the surface of the painting.  
As far as books go, I think its sad that Illuminated Books have become so rare that when we do see them, they are protected under plexiglas vitrines on pedestals.  Books were meant to be handled, studied, even altered.  Certainly one wants to protect them and preserve them, but surely it shouldn't be at the cost of using them for their intended purpose - which is to open a magical door, to be read and touched and smelled and seen.  When you hide a book or a work on paper under glass, you also freeze its history.  No more fingermarks, tears, dings, scratches, other indications of that books history will manifest.  Forensic scientists can find out a lot about books by examining them chemically - but the present time would reveal nothing of their usage because they have been taken out of the world.  
I'd like to take my books on tour - set them up on tables in public places, let people pick them up, open and page through, read as much or as little as they like, make an impression on the book with their hands, breaths, sneezes.  A book can't develop a memory if it is hidden in a safe.  
I would suggest that making things by hand is always preferable.  That doing it digitally should be an alternative when something must be accomplished with expediency, but computers should not be our only tools.  They should be an adjunct to the artworks that we have learned to make, not a replacement for them.  
So here is a bit of a suggestion:  if you are a poet, memorize at least a few of your poems and recite them out loud any time you can, both alone to yourself, and in front of other people.  If you write a play, make sure it get staged.  If staging is too expensive, have public readings.  If you can't afford a hall to do the readings in, do it in a park, a city square, someplace public.  
When you take your work public, make sure that there is interaction.  Don't discourage comments, criticisms, suggestions.  Interact with the audience.  

Thursday, July 7, 2011

The firefighters who came out to fight the Monument Fire here in Sierra Vista did a terrific job.  Now that there is rain it looks like the fires are nearly over - its good to look out upon the landscape and instead of seeing smoke, see monsoon cloud formations - vast temple-like columns of clouds that seem to bring the heavens down to earth.  Its amazing to see just how much this landscape changes from day to day.  One day the sky is crystal clear with no clouds in sight.  The next day there is a veritable city of cloud castles.  Later that same day, the tall clouds give way to sheet clouds that look as though someone has punched holes into them.  At sunrise, there are lenticular clouds over the mountains, like hovering motherships coming in for a look-see.
Anyway, thanks to the firefighters who took care of the Monument fire for us.  The work they did created miracles for a lot of people.